Long-term Results and Treatment Injuries in Pediatric Tibial and Femoral Fractures

................................................................................................................. 5 Table of contents ..................................................................................................... 7 List of original publications ................................................................................... 9 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 10 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 11 2 Review of the literature ................................................................................... 12 2.1 Bone .......................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Bone growth ...................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Bone fractures and healing ............................................................... 14 2.1.3 Factors affecting spontaneous correction ........................................ 15 2.2 Epidemiology ........................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Tibial fractures .................................................................................. 17 2.2.2 Femoral fractures ............................................................................. 18 2.3 Treatment ................................................................................................ 18 2.3.1 Tibial Fractures ................................................................................. 19 2.3.2 Femoral Fractures ............................................................................ 21 2.4 Complications ......................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Tibial fractures ................................................................................. 27 2.4.2 Femoral fractures ............................................................................ 29 2.5 Treatment injuries .................................................................................. 30 3 Aims of the study ............................................................................................ 32 4 Patients and methods .................................................................................... 33 4.1 Long-term treatment results .................................................................. 33 4.1.1 Patients ............................................................................................. 33